Public Space Planning Free Essays

Open space gives the grounds to urban areas to be seen and experienced. Regardless of whether it is a square, a market, or a recreation center, open space in urban communities has been noted as where thoughts are traded, city character is constructed and citizenship is found out (Carr et al. , 1992; Low, 2000; Goodsell, 2003). We will compose a custom paper test on Open Space Planning or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Such places are significant and even essential for residents to appreciate a decent personal satisfaction and prosperity (Relph, 1993). Verifiably, open spots have assumed a significant job in urban communities in numerous societies. Open spaces, for example, the Greek marketplace, Spanish court, and provincial town square gave a spot to business sectors, festivities and urban life to thrive (Carr et al. , 1992). In current urban communities open spaces assume numerous various jobs; they are destinations of amusement, financial turn of events, utilization and network; they come to fruition as squares, parks and urban diversion regions; they mean numerous things to numerous individuals and can set up a personality for an area or a city on the loose. Open spaces, in any manifestation, are critical to municipal life (Goodsell, 2003). While we may have a decent comprehension of why open spaces are significant in urban communities, what is still to a great extent obscure is the manner by which the arranging procedure itself adds to the improvement of these significant spots. Notwithstanding understanding the job of open spaces in urban communities today, the methods for open space creation, the hidden interests, procedures, and inspirations engaged with their development, should likewise be investigated and better comprehended so as to go to a full comprehension of how open spaces accomplish their ideal objectives. Two contextual analyses were picked to delineate ways to deal with open space arranging: Toronto’s Yonge Dundas Square and the City of Mississauga’s City Center Parks. These destinations were picked in light of their likenesses and furthermore due to their disparities. The two locales were proposed to accomplish comparable objectives of making a feeling of spot and making new open doors for financial improvement in their urban communities. Their endeavors, however, are occurring in totally different settings and utilize distinctive arranging draws near. In Mississauga, a quickly developing city with a growing midtown center, a â€Å"placemaking† procedure including open workshops and staff preparing was utilized. In the Yonge Dundas Square model, situated at one of Toronto’s notable business hubs, an open private association was utilized to accomplish the objectives of the venture. Moreover, the cases are likewise at various stages in their turn of events. The Mississauga venture has just finished its underlying visioning and fundamental plan stages while the Yonge Dundas Square undertaking is approaching fruition. In picking these unique cases, I had the option to investigate the qualities and shortcomings of various styles of open space arranging. In particular, these cases permitted me to research contrasts between what appeared to be a firmly controlled arranging process in Yonge Dundas Square and an appropriate open arranging process in Mississauga. At last, the examination of these cases helped me to evoke pertinent reactions and strategy suggestions for organizers of open space, paying little heed to the procedure they are working inside. Through exploration about these contextual analyses, key witness interviews and inside and out investigation of arranging records and important writing this report presents an evaluate of open space arranging forms rehearsed with regards to Yonge Dundas Square and the City Center Parks. While having objectives that utilization the language of feeling of spot, the arranging forms utilized are increasingly viable in serving the financial objectives of the activities. Since socio-social objectives like feeling of spot are characterized extensively and develop after some time, the arranging procedure does little to legitimately address them. Eventually this report proposes that socio-social objectives like feeling of spot ought not be expelled as an objective of open space arranging, but instead, the arranging procedure should endeavor to accommodate monetary and socio-social objectives. By expanding attention to the significance of the socio-social capacity of open space through instructive effort to engineers and general society everywhere, just as by consolidating socio-social objectives into long haul vital plans and statements of purpose, regions can all the more successfully make open spaces that are financially solid, yet in addition socially essential to their residents. Step by step instructions to refer to Public Space Planning, Essay models

Judicial Issues in Chapman’s “The Prisoner’s Dilemma”

World history describes numerous contrasts between the East and the West. Notwithstanding the thought that both are interesting in their own way of life and custom, the issue on who is better and progressively acculturated still remains. In â€Å"The Prisoner's Dilemma,† Stephen Chapman thoroughly analyzes Eastern and Western discipline rehearses under the criminal equity framework. In his view, the Western case that their practices are less coldblooded and brutal is contestable inferable from the issues identified with the various long stretches of imprisonment. To expound his view, Chapman analyzes the discipline strategies utilized in Eastern and Western nations. He specifies some correctional practices among Islamic nations, for example, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Iran. Among these practices incorporate beating, or ta zir, a discipline typically given for general offenses. This type of discipline, among others, is embraced by the Koran itself. Another training is stoning, which is typically offered to people who are seen as two-timing or who take part in non-conjugal sex. This type of discipline makes extreme injury guilty parties, causing their demises. In the site Religious Tolerance. organization, a few reports on stoning show how Islamic nations apply this training in fluctuated terms. One report depicts how a man bites the dust ten minutes subsequent to being stoned while his supposed accomplice is hit by a huge stone on the head in the wake of stoning. Notwithstanding these two techniques, Islamic nations likewise apply removal, decapitating, and different types of execution. Considering these, Chapman fights that Islamic methods of discipline are a few types of â€Å"barbaric customs. (364) Beside their frightful technique for eradicating hoodlums, what causes these strategies to appear to be increasingly savage and unfeeling is the social affair of the group that gapes at the offender’s mishaps. As Chapman delineates, Westerners grin at these practices and guarantee that theirs are unmistakably increasingly compassionate. In the West, crooks are condemned to jail for shifting number of years dependent on the gravity of the offense. For example, Chapman explains that an individual accused of burglary can be condemned to six or 30 years detainment under the Western legal framework. In view of this, the creator infers that a general offense which justifies one-time beating in Islamic nations can cost a person’s lifetime in the West. In addition, he likewise refers to that with the long preliminaries that each case takes and the expense of keeping up a prison, the legislature spends a lot on securing equity for the people in question. In addition, the creator inductively refers to that the practices in the East were similar ones rehearsed in the West during prior occasions. He makes reference to certain situations where hoodlums were cut in a few sections, and tormented by bearing off inward organs while the criminal is in cognizant state. Given these previous practices, Chapman persuades the perusers to reexamine Islamic practices, for example, those referenced, which are less unusual than previous Western practices. To persuade his perusers, Chapman utilizes both examination and differentiation between the two societies. Generally, he gives the differentiation, underscoring more the reasonableness of the Eastern culture in managing disciplines. Likewise, by building up examination and guaranteeing that Western development once utilized far more atrocious acts of removal, the writer requests to the rationale of the perusers to affirm the issue with substantial thinking. Obviously, Chapman utilizes rationale or logos in his examination and differentiation. He endeavors to persuade the crowd that Western practices are similarly as detestable as the Eastern ones. By hindering crooks to jail, they are in like manner exposed to congestion, disease, soiled conditions, and routine brutality. Condemning a criminal to life in the jail cells is like exposing him to possible demise or to penances like flagellating. Likewise, as referenced above, keeping lawbreakers in jail infers a major government subsidizing, for the administration should take care of and dress the detainees, and recruit specialists to care for them. Moreover, Chapman asserts that jails don't fill their need for confining people. To outline his point, he makes reference to the five elements of detainment. Among these capacities, Chapman accentuates that detainment doesn't serve the third capacity, which is general prevention. Albeit some might be reluctant to go to prison, its idea doesn't absolutely undermine crooks to cause them to evade sick doings. The current crime percentage shows that in truth, wrongdoers are not hesitant to conflict with the law, in this manner making others like the creator distrustful about the recognition of the third capacity. Then again, he noticed that experiencing a man with only one arm could bring increasingly sharp to the individuals who are attempting to plot a wrongdoing. Likewise, the creator additionally calls attention to that detainment doesn't serve its fifth capacity, that is recovery. Keeping hoodlums in the slammer and making them face the result of obtaining irresistible ailments is a long way from rehabilitative. For other people, this capacity may possibly be served if lawbreakers are given a superior day to day environment or are blessed by a lovely encounter, for example, permitting them to get hitched, to experience guiding and psychotherapy, or giving them an occupation or an excursion (Menninger as referenced in Chapman 368-369). Thinking about the drawbacks of detainment, condemning a criminal to keep him from contact with people in general is by all accounts the main encouragement that imprisonment brings. Notwithstanding logos, the creator additionally utilizes tenderness by refering to the issue experienced by wrongdoers and casualties the same. The long trust that the court will give its sentence is one perspective that makes a lot of disgrace Western legal framework. While the case is in process, the casualties experience torment seeing the criminal go through days in opportunity. Reality and pertinence of this point makes this the subject of TV and film court dramatization. A similar tumult might be valid for the lawbreakers or the individuals who are charged however guiltless of the wrongdoing. As equity is drawn out, so is the torment that the concerned people endure. The utilization of logos and emotion in setting up examination and differentiation is in like manner joined by ethos as the article shows up in the course reading. The article’s presentation incorporates a straightforward memoir of the writer, telling his accomplishments as an author and a Harvard University graduate. This sets up validity of the creator, therefore influencing the audience’s position on the issue. While the logos and tenderness that Chapman utilizes are very frail to resist strict qualities, the ethos to some degree persuades the crowd that the words they are perusing originated from a proficient and all around experienced source. By and large, the focuses made by the creator demonstrate his favoritism to Western practices. He attempts to persuade the crowd to support Eastern practices because of their common sense and quickness. Thinking about his point, specialists should investigate the chance of receiving these practices; anyway considering too how individuals respond to changes, Chapman’s recommendation may neglect to persuade numerous individuals, particularly the individuals who supporter love and love for the body.

How to Deal with Seasonal Depression Successfully

How to Deal with Seasonal Depression Successfully Ways to Overcome Depression of the Cold Season Home›Tips for Students›Ways to Overcome Depression of the Cold Season Tips for StudentsThe holiday season is already here, which means we are a few weeks away from the joy of giving and receiving gifts, spending time with the loved ones, and enjoying frosty white nature around.However, there are plenty of people who suffer from a seasonal depression, which makes it hard for them to truly enjoy all the simple joys of ordinary people. If you are the one who suffers from the absence of the sun and its vitamin D, the following mood lifting tips are for you.How to Fight Seasonal Affective Disorder:Have more physical exercisesKeeping fit is one of the most important mental health tips. Yes, we understand that it is more warm and comfy in bed, but if you want to fight seasonal depression, you need to take action and move. It is scientifically proved that exercises improve your mood and help you out of depression.Drink less coffeeIt is hard to imagine a morning without a cup of coffee. Sometimes we walk like a zombie until our first caffeine fix. However, scientists linked caffeine consumption to the depletion of serotonin in our brains, which in turn “helps” our depression to consume us.Make up for the lack of vitamin DAlthough you can survive without this vitamin in winter, you will feel a lot better if you eat food like cheese, egg yolks, and drink orange juice, which is rich in vitamin D. Also, some cereal and other healthy half-prepared food may have extra vitamin D.Clean your houseSeasonal dampness is not only bad for your home but your health as well. A 2007 study has shown that moldy environment may influence your mood because breathing in such place directly affects your brain. Also, it is possible that your immune system will be damaged, and your life will become miserable at the time.Sleep less but consistentlyWe understand the temptation to stay in bed as long as possible in the cold winter day. Howeve r, this isn’t always a benefit for your mental state. The key is to stick to a consistent rhythm so that your body is not stressed with sudden naps and wake ups. Those are our health tips for today. Stay healthy and enjoy your life!

Analysis of John F. Kennedy Inaugural Speech - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1213 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/05 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: John F Kennedy Essay Did you like this example? John F. Kennedy was a phenomenal speaker. He knew how to use his words to rally support from his audience. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis of John F. Kennedy Inaugural Speech" essay for you Create order Therefore, he was not an inspirational leader and through his words he was able to move his audience. President Kennedy was able to reach out to his audience by addressing their emotions and their beliefs. Throughout his speech, President Kennedy use various literary devices to connect with his audience and to persuade them to see that they did not just make a huge mistake by electing him as their president. He was a man for the people of this great nation. In the first few paragraphs, President Kennedy ceremoniously used ethos to captive his total audience and to rally them as one by first addressing all those in attendance saying, Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, Reverend Clergy, fellow citizens: In addition, he appealed to his audience by referencing the almighty god. He says, For I have sworn before you and almighty God the same solemn oath ., and as history tells us this nation was based built and founded on religious beliefs and freedom. Furthermore, President Kennedy continued to say that the beliefs that the right of man come not from the generosity of the state but by the hand of God. He appeals to the audiences religious ideologies. President Kennedy used strong sentences and words to inspire his audience and to show that we as a people are mighty as a team and weak as individuals. For this he uses the literacy device parallelism to show the two opposites, strong versus weak. He tells the audience that united, there is little that we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do-for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. Another use of parallelism was Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. We can make a difference as long as we stand together. He emphasizes the word, we. Another example of parallelism in President Kennedys speech was when he said, We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom and t o remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. In his speech he addresses the emotional side (pathos) of his audience to propel patriotism by saying, So let us begin anew remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Also he showed the importance of a team by using the word, us. President Kennedy wanted to show that he does not stand by himself but with the people. Also, he repeats the word, us in saying Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate. He was saying that as a people we move forward in our endeavors that we do it without fear, but with perseverance and a sound mind. In addition, he acknowledge that freedom was obtained by not just remembering the old but also the young. For by The graves of young Americans who answered the call of service surround the globe, we as a nation enjoy freedom. Once again, he enticed everyone in his speech and not just giving credit to the old but recognized that if it was not for the young soldiers tha t fought and sacrificed their lives we would not be free. But also, he wanted the people to know that it was going to take everyone working together to sustain what we have come to love and enjoy, our rights and our freedom to execute our rights. Moreover, not only did President Kennedy use the literacy devices pathos and ethos, but he eloquently used logos. At the very beginning of his speech after addressing the people in his audience. He said, The world is very different now. Truth to be told, it was. The world was wiser in the sense that man had made advancement in science and technology. He said, For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. Man knew how to create life as well as destroy it. Also, he said. In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. As president he would sign the executive order to go to war, but he would not be on the battle field fighting physically. So, the success or failure of this country actually rests on the shoulders of the citizens of this country. The citizens of this country bear the burdens of war and what it entails the good and the bad effects of war. If we as the c itizens of this great country want freedom to remain and to exist, then it is up to the citizens of this country. In John F. Kennedys inaugural speech, he employed so many literacy devices. Besides ethos, logos, and pathos, he used alliteration as well as metaphor. Phrases from his speech such as same solemn, man holds in his mortal hands, and pay any price, bear any burden, and let us go forth to lead the land we love are just a few alliterations he used in his speech to help persuade his audience to support him as the president of the United States of America. The metaphor he stated made reference to areas being poor or improvised. He said, To assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. This metaphor was appealing to their human side. There was work to be done in this world, but it would not get done by himself just saying it or by him alone. It was going to take the people to make the change and in this case to end poverty. As President Kennedy comes to an end he impels the importance of citizenship and what we can and should do for our country. Once again, the words, we and our indicate that he is not talking as one but for many, and it is not about him. Although he is president of the United States, he recognized that this country belonged to the people, and he was only a vessel to ensure that the rights of all are addressed and upheld. Furthermore, he said with a good conscience our only sure reward, with history . is knowing that here on earth Gods work must be truly be our own. People in this world have a Christian duty, and that is to do the will of God. He once again appeal to their moral stance. In addition, President Kennedy is known for his famous line ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country. Once again, he places the responsibility of this country growing, succeeding, flourishing, and being free upon the shoulders of the citizens of this country.

Essay about Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) - 1173 Words

Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorders is defined as a marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or possible scrutiny by others (Cuncic). People who do not believe in this disorder think that it’s just shyness that is being pathologized (Cuncic). Just because you may be a little shy or a bit nervous on occasion doesnt mean that you have this condition. Social Anxiety Disorders are psychological problems that are often undiagnosed because people are too afraid to ask for help. Some experts say this disorder â€Å"is a combination of genetics and environment, while others say brain chemistry plays a role ( Suszynski).† Although some people are more prone†¦show more content†¦They are very self-conscious in front of people. They convince themselves that all eyes are on them, watching and waiting for them to make a mistake. They are terrified of doing or saying anything that causes humiliation. They are afraid of being judged by others. â€Å"Children with social phobia are often inordinately fearful of criticism.† As a result, they may have a temper tantrum or they may cry when confronted with a situation that scares them. (Social Anxiety Disorder, http://www.childmind.org/en/health/disorder-guide/social-anxiety-disorder) This fear is so real that they avoid places where other people are and they avoid activiti es that involve others. They have a hard time making and keeping friends. They make get sick when with others. â€Å"A social situation always carries risk to some extent when the situation involves people that you dont know, groups around you that you cant scan adequately. Most people make an adaptation to it, more or less, says Goodstein. But for people with social anxiety disorder, its terrifying to think about being in a situation for which they cant prepare or any unknown where they cant gauge what their response will be, according to Goodstein†. Anxiety and stress are a normal part of life so avoiding stressful situations is not the answer. In fact avoiding stressful situations will often make the child’s anxiety and nervous anticipation even worse. Children who suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder mayShow MoreRelatedSocial Anxiety Disorder ( Sad ) Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is the third largest mental health problem in the world. The latest government data shows that social anxiety disorders affect about 7% of the population at any given time. The lifetime prevalence rate (the chances of developing a social anxiety disorder at any time during their lifespan) stands slightly above 13% (Richards Ph.D., Psychologist, 2016). Social Anxiety is not shyness; it is a real disorder that involves interaction with others. It is a fear of being judgedRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder ( Sad )1901 Words   |  8 PagesSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is defined as a chronic and often disabling condition that is associated with uncontrollable worry and tension with symptoms that include restlessness, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, and/or sleep disturbance. People with social anxiety disorder also experience an intense, persistent fear of drawing attention to themselves in social situations, believing that their flaws will be exposed and that they will be negatively evaluated and rejected. It’s a terrible andRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1714 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the DSM 5, social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a chronic and persistent disorder characterized by an intense fear of social situations. Those with SAD often fear that other will judge them for negative traits or evaluate them harshly, preventing them from engaging in social behaviors. This fear may seem disproportionate to the situation faced and sociocultural context involved, but is salient enough to be debilitating and effect daily functioning. ). Many of the afflicted inhibit theirRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Essay735 Words   |  3 Pages Social Anxiety Disorder (social phobia) is the third largest mental health care problem in the world. Latest government epidemiological data show social phobia affects over 7% of the population at any given time. The lifetime prevalence rate (i.e., the chances of developing social anxiety disorder at any time during the lifespan) stands at above 13%. Definition: Social anxiety is the fear of social situations that involve interaction with other people. Put anotherRead MoreEssay on Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1308 Words   |  6 PagesSocial anxiety disorder (social phobia) can be described as an extreme, persistent fear of being scrutinized or judged by others in social situations. This fear may lead to feelings of embarrassment, humiliation and self-consciousness. People who suffer from this condition may â€Å"feel powerless against their anxiety† (ADAA). These emotions often interfere with daily activities, such as school, work and personal relationships. The person might begin to withdraw socially or avoid situations in whichRead MoreEssay about Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1072 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Social Anxiety Disorder or social phobia, is the third largest mental health care problem in the world. (Stein, 2010) National statistical surveys carried out in 2002 in the United Kingdom suggest that the prevalence rates for social phobias among young people in the UK were around 4%. (National Statistics, 2002) ‘Social phobia is characterised by intense and persistent fear of social situations in which scrutiny and embarrassment could occur’. (Orsillo Hammond 2001, p.159)Read MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder ( Sad )1238 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Anxiety Disorder Affecting One’s Life Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is the most common mental illness in the United States. About 40 million people suffer from this mental disorder. Many tend to confuse this disorder with shyness and nervousness, which are not considered a part of the phobia. Having a SAD can interfere with one’s daily life cycle. People who have SAD often starts to develop this illness during their childhood and adolescence years. Patients areRead MoreHow I Overcame Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Essay example1387 Words   |  6 Pagesof a panic disorder and those of an anxiety disorder. With each question I gave a nod in response, not a â€Å"yes†, not even a â€Å"yeah†, just a nod.â€Å"Have you ever experienced a rapid heartbeat, faintness of breath associated with these experiences?† I nodded. â€Å"Have you ever experienced sweating, numbness, shaking in this context† she asked. I nodded. A few minutes later, several question and se veral nods had brought her to a conclusion. I had a panic and anxiety disorder in relation to social stimuli whichRead MoreMananaging Social Anxiety Disorder1491 Words   |  6 PagesMANAGING SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER INTRODUCTION 1. The concept of fear dated back as far as 400 BC. During this time, Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician described the overly shy person as â€Å"someone who loves darkness as life and thinks every man observes him†. When fear is persistent and exaggerated, it results to tension and stress and consequently, anxiety. 2. The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines anxiety as â€Å"a nervous disorder marked by a feeling of uneasiness†. An anxiety disorder involvesRead MoreHow Does Social Anxiety Disorder Effect the Routine of a Person?661 Words   |  3 Pagesidea of â€Å"social fear† goes back as early as 400 B.C. where Hippocrates described the overly shy person as someone who â€Å"thinks every man observes him.† Even Charles Darwin wrote about the physiology concerning blushing and shyness. The psychiatric term â€Å"social phobia† wasn’t used until the early 1900s. In 1994, the fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) was published and the term social anxiety disorder (SAD) replaced â€Å"social phobia.† Social anxiety disorder

Junior Deputy Free Essays

Derick Krones Junior Deputy During Junior Deputy this year, I learned that smoking is bad for your health. And, alcohol is bad for you, too. Smoking causes tar to build up in your lungs and can lead to cancer. We will write a custom essay sample on Junior Deputy or any similar topic only for you Order Now I know cancer is a bad disease because I have lost my grandpa and grandma to cancer. Alcohol kills brain cells. It is important to learn and if you do not have all your brain cells, you will not be as smart which means you will not do as well in life. I liked getting to wear the drunk goggles in Junior Deputy. It was fun to see how it makes you feel to try to walk with the goggles on. It was a nice break in the day to get to learn about other things in Junior Deputy at school rather than math, science, communication arts, and social studies. The part of Junior Deputy I liked the least was how long the pre/post tests were to take. There were hard questions on the test and it took time to think about the answers. I know you have to take tests to see what you do and do not know, but it was my least favorite part of Junior Deputy. Actually getting to wear the drunk goggles made you feel what it was like to be drunk so you know you do not want to drink. Junior Deputy taught me to make the right choices and not do drugs,alcohol or smoke. It is important to stay healthy and do your best in life. Junior Deputy helps explain how to make good choices and to stay healthy. How to cite Junior Deputy, Essay examples

Communications Making Friends free essay sample

Abstract: In this paper, I will be covering the main points of the book titled, â€Å"Making Friends, and Making them Count,† by Em Griffin. I try to thoroughly explain the advice, pointers, and tips that Griffin gives us to guide us to better relationship formation and communication. My opinions of his book will also be present in this paper, as well as a synopsis of the outline and character of the book. A Synopsis: I found Em Griffin’s book quite fun to read. His comical stories and analogies were really helpful and I was able to understand the concept of communication more thoroughly after reading this book. He explained communication and friendship very well in his book, but also included a little bit of a Christian standpoint. Something I loved about this book were the comics and drawings that were present every couple pages or so. They really keep you entertained and on track with your reading, and a lot of them are really hilarious! In the last eight weeks, we have learned that interpersonal communication is a process. Griffin begins his book with this and tries to use different sports and games to show what communication IS and what it is NOT. Bowling was the first sport used, but explained that bowling is a one man operation. Ping-pong, another analogy used, showed that communication between two people can go back and forth. Sometimes it’s a hit or miss situation, but that is okay! You can start all over again and keep going. A third sport used as a comparison to communication, was charades. Charades is a guessing game, and when we communicate with our friends, we don’t want to have to guess. If so, we are left to guess at snippets of images, words, phrases, and expressions. Again, communication is a process. Processes usually take several steps. In Griffin’s book, he explains â€Å"ten steps† or, the â€Å"rules of interpersonal communication. These steps/rules are: 1. Interpersonal communication is a process. 2. Interpersonal communication starts with self. 3. The chances for effective communication increase as people become aware of their motives for getting together. 4. People communicate to reduce uncertainty. 5. Words do not mean thing- people mean things. 6. You cannot not communicate. 7. Without identification there is no communication. 8. To reveal oneself opening and honestly takes the rawest kind of courage. 9. Communication is irreversible and unrepeatable. 10. Communication = content + relationship. Griffin takes these steps and divides them into each chapter so that he may go over them more carefully. The first chapter introduces the analogies we previously went over, and then introduces these steps. Griffin built his book around three individual parts, â€Å"Understanding me,† â€Å"Understanding thee,† and â€Å"Understanding we. † Griffin states that he did this so he can build a â€Å"one on one† relationship with us, the readers. To be able to communicate with others, you must have a proper self-image. Griffin asks you to take a look at your self-concept in chapter two. He asks you to do an activity called, â€Å"Who am I? † In this activity, you will number the page 1-15 and complete this sentence 15 times, â€Å"I am†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This should help you figure out who you are, or give you a sense of identity. In Griffin’s book, identity is â€Å"the mind’s-eye picture we have of ourselves† (Griffin, PP31, 1987). Doing that activity may help you feel more positive about your identity versus negative. â€Å"Our self-concept is made up of our identity – the picture we have of ourselves, plus our self-esteem – how we feel about the images in that picture† (Griffin, PP40, 1987). He explains that identity is not carved in stone, and your identity is likely to change several times in your life. Griffin shares that if you are feeling down and your self-worth is not up to par, you need to do something about it! Toss yourself into a meaningful cause, surround yourself with people who make you feel good, and even seek professional counseling. Also, try not to take yourself too seriously! Maybe change the way you look, practice assertiveness, and most important, know thyself! In chapter three, Griffin explains that as people, we need to be motivated. We have the need for achievement, affiliation, and for power. Griffin says that motivation gives a person power. Now, he firmly stresses that â€Å"power† is not a dirty word. God gave us the desire to want to be powerful. His quote, â€Å"The best pastors often have a high need for power,† says it all! Chapter four is about perception, which is not just observing other people. It is drawing inferences, making judgments, and making conclusions, too. He explains through personal experience and expertise how we perceive others, and offers us a perceptual guide called the â€Å"Kluckholn’s table of values. In the table of values, it shows different values that are held by different cultures. There are three positions in five areas: View of human nature, relationship of man to God/nature, sense of time, type of activity, and structure of social relationships. There are so many differences between cultures, and this table is a great reference when communicating and p erceiving the values of others. Jumping ahead to chapter six, Griffin writes about the topic of how â€Å"we cannot not communicate. † Even when we are not verbally communicating, speaking for example, we are communicating in other ways. Body language, facial displays, eye behavior, appearance, use of space, touch, voice, and smell are all ways that we communicate with people without talking. It is very easy to tell how a person is feeling just by looking at their facial display. You can easily see if a person is happy, sad, shocked, surprised, or disgusted. Why do people like each other? Griffin explains this in the next chapter. People look at situations such as, â€Å"am I going to click with this person? † They also look at the personality and response of the other person. Other questions that one might ask when looking to start a relationship with another person are: â€Å"Is there a physical attraction? † â€Å"Is the person competent? † and â€Å"What similarities do we have? † In our friendships, being open and honest is best. Griffin shares some deep personal thoughts about his life and how he realized that friends are really just family members. Trust is also extremely important in relationships. â€Å"Trust is a general expectation that the promises of other individuals with regard to the future can be relied on† (Griffin, PP 170, 1987). Griffin also states that if we trust others, they will be trustworthy, but if you doubt people your doubts will probably be true. Creating an intimate relationship takes time. Intimacy in a relationship is not instant. Griffin shares with us ten stages of intimacy. These steps are the life cycle of an intimate relationship. The first five stages are of heightened involvement. They are: 1. Initiating 2. Experimenting 3. Intensifying 4. Integrating 5. Bonding The last five are waypoints towards disengagement. Those steps are: 6. Differentiating 7. Circumscribing 8. Stagnating 9. Avoiding 10. Terminating Most relationships never get past the experimenting level, so phases 3 to 7 don’t apply. The acquaintance goes from initiating to experimenting and then directly to stagnating, avoiding and terminating† (Griffin, PP183, 1987). In chapter nine, Griffin discusses accountability and forgiveness. To make sure that you are appropriately intervening in something, you should follo w some guidelines. You should win the right to be heard, contract for negative feedback, prevent gross evil, confront in private, and ask, don’t announce. â€Å"Accountability and forgiveness go hand in hand† (Griffin, PP 193, 1987). He uses the testimony of a friend to say that if you do not forgive others, you will poison your life. It really is better to just forgive and forget. I have highlighted many of the main topics and topics that stood out to me the most from this book. After reading â€Å"Making Friends, and Making them Count,† I have learned that there is much more involved in a friendship than just knowing someone pretty well. Griffin did a wonderful job at discussing the ways that communication is present and important in relationships. Critical Analysis: Although the book had a lot of information, it has me begging for a little more. Overall, I think that Em Griffin did a great job at guiding the readers towards better relationship formation and communication. His colorful, and sometimes funny, use of analogies and illustrations were so helpful and make it very easy to understand everything. You can read the book and agree or disagree with what he is saying very easily because he uses everyday examples and personal stories. One thing that I must say about the book is that there was not much said about maintaining friendships, what it takes to have a friendship, etc. I feel like the whole book is only about the communication aspect of a friendship. I do understand that this is a communications class, but the title of the book is a little misleading. I thought there would be more information about making friends and creating lasting relationships. I do not believe that Griffin ever mentioned the true meaning of a friendship. He said that his friends were like family, but that is his personal opinion after he told a story about his self, so friends may not be like family to all people. Although the book will be helpful to many, and maybe even me, I think that it had too many lists and rules for things. It sounded a little like this at times: â€Å"Do this, and do this, but make sure you don’t do that! † I think that it is better for people to learn on their own how to communicate and make friends. It is part of life! His ideas and tips sound like good ideas and I am sure that they would work great for everyone who reads his book. I personally think that no one really needs a book, or tips to start a conversation with someone. I have never had a hard time making friends, so I am only saying this from my own standpoint. To make friends, it just takes time, patience, trust, honesty, and a little common sense. Faith helps too! Griffin did supply his readers with some great information. I think the information about perceiving people was important. His personal story traveling to the Philippine Islands really helped me to understand the concept. I think without his personal stories on some subjects, I might have been lost, especially when looking at the Kluckholn table of values (which I found very interesting as well). One thing that I did not know about were the different stages of a relationship. I did not even know there were â€Å"stages† at all. I just thought you knew someone, or you didn’t. Of course I thought there were types of friends, such as acquaintances, new friends, and best friends, but I had never thought about stages within a friendship. After seeing the chart, I can think of past and present relationships and see where we are on that chart. The different stages make perfect sense. I think that the first three chapters of the book are the most important. I think my most favorite section of the book was on motivation. I agree with Griffin on the topic of motivation very much. You need motivation, everyone does. A person craves love, achievement, and power, but to get to those things, we need to e motivated. I’d like to add to that, that our friends are great motivational tools. Whenever I need to reach a goal and need some motivation to reach it, I turn to my friends. They motivate me and pump me up so that I can reach those goals. It’s a perk of friendship! I wish some information like that was in the book. To conclude my thoughts, I think that Em Griffin’s book was pretty good overall. He had some great tips and I can see how the book would be helpful to someone who needs help in making friends and learning how to communicate with them. It is probably not a book I would personally chose to read on my own, but I think it was a great read! Prospectus for Growth: Like I said in my analysis, I don’t feel like I need a book to tell me how to communicate with others. I feel like I have been doing a very good job meeting, creating, and keeping friends. I think that may have to do with the fact that my husband is in the military and I have to meet new friends all the time (although, now I have friends all over the country, and they are absolutely amazing)! I do think that the book had some great points, though, one being about self-worth and identity. It is hard sometimes keeping up with all of the lifestyle changes in life, so that part of the book gave me some relief. Identity is not written in stone! Another thing that I want to pay more attention to in my life is the identity of others. I want to get to know the identity of people I see all the time. For example, the ladies at the post office, the grocers at the grocery store I go to all the time, and the mailman. Not only will building a relationship with these people be simple and easy, it will be pleasurable! One more thing I can implement in my life is to realize when other people are communicating with me in non-verbal ways. I sometimes do not pay attention to the non-verbal communication. It is mostly because I am just a fast paced person. I need to learn to slow down and interpret non-verbal communication. I might be missing a lot! This book did help me to learn how to read and understand facial expressions more accurately, and it also described all of the other non-verbal way to communicate more thoroughly. REFERENCE PAGE Griffin, E. (1987). Making friends making them count. Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press.

John Coltrane Essays (1765 words) - John Coltrane, Miles Davis

John Coltrane A Brief Look Into The Life and Music of JOHN COLTRANE Pg. 1 John Coltrane was born in born in Hamlet, North Carolina on September 23, 1926. John Coltrane was an only child. His father, John was a tailor who played the violin and ukulele, and his mother Alice played piano and sang in the church choir. This was a great environment to foster his love of music. Coltrane soon moved with his family to the town of High Point, where his grandfather was the pastor of the A.M.E. Zion Church. His family was very religious and this instilled in him a deep devotion in religion. At the age of twelve Coltrane's received his first instrument a clarinet which he played for hours on end, that same year Coltrane?s father died. A year after Coltrane?s father died his mother decided to move away to North to Atlantic City to find a work. Young Coltrane stayed in North Carolina with relatives. By his senior year, he had learned to play a borrowed alto saxophone and was getting recognition from his classmates and even the locals. Work was hard to find in most of the Southern states in 1943, so when John Coltrane graduated he and two friends decided to move to Philadelphia, where one of the friends' brothers already lived. Coltrane would live in Philadelphia off and on until about 1957. His decision to migrate north was a common one, and Coltrane did indeed find work as a laborer in a sugar-refining factory. A couple of months later he enrolled in the Ornstein School of Music on 19th and Spruce Streets. In Philadelphia John Pg. 2 Coltrane could hear a lot of the blues and jazz which weren't often broadcast in the South further extending his experience and horizons. He continued to practice his sax alone in his room until he was drafted into the Navy band in 1945. He returned to Philadelphia in 1946 after being discharged. At this point in his life Coltrane was totally committed to becoming a professional musician. Coltrane worked a variety of jobs through the late forties until in 1947 he joined Eddie Vinson's jazz band, switching reluctantly to play the tenor sax to do so. The group toured extensively, particularly in the South and southwest. It?s at this point that he started to drink excessively to top off his already heavy smoking habit. A short while after that he joined many other jazz musicians with his new addiction to heroin. After playing for two years with Dizzy Gillespie, he moved with his mother, cousin, and some friends to Strawberry Mansions which was on Philadelphia's northwest side which overlooked Fairmont Park. It?s at this time he enrolled at Granoff School of Music for further training on the tenor sax. He was dropped from Johnny Hodges' band when heroin began interfering with his music. Nineteen fifty five proved to be a big year for Coltrane. He picked up his nickname, Trane, and married his wife Naima. It?s in 1955 that things really took off for Coltrane. He joined Miles Davis' first legendary quintet, which included Red Garland, Paul Chambers and Philly Joe Jones. He came to national prominence as a member. Pg. 3 Coltrane moved to New York in 1956. New York was the home of not only many jazz musicians including Miles Davis, but also record companies and recording studios. But disaster struck, Coltrane was kicked out by Miles because of heroin addiction. Coltrane was crushed and returned to Philadelphia once more in the spring of 1957 to kick his heroin habit and his alcoholism. With the support of his wife and his mother, he spent an entire week in solitude, eating nothing and drinking only water. He later described being ?touched? by God during the time, and dedicated his next recording, ?A Love Supreme?, to his Lord. My goal, Coltrane said as if (arising from the ashes) like a phoenix to preach his ?revelation?, is to live the truly religious life, and express it through my music. If you live it, when you play there's no problem because the music is part of the whole thing. To be a musician is really something. It goes very very deep. My music is the

Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby Essays

Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby Essays Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby Essay Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby Essay Essay Topic: The Great Gatsby The United States was a land filled with various opportunities in the 1920s. World War I was over and a multitude of people from all over the globe were coming to the United States vying for a new beginning. These people were all enchanted but the idea of The American Dream. The American Dream is the idea that every United States citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative. It does not matter where you came from, all you need is a passion to succeed. This idea played a role in The Great Gatsby through the characters, symbolism, and settings in the story. The American Dream was an important part of the characters in the story. This idea greatly influenced their choices from how they lived to how they behaved. The wealthiest characters were Daisy and Tom Buchanan, and Jay Gatsby. These three believed they could do anything because they were in a class higher than everyone else. They only cared about what was occurring at the moment and never worried about the consequences of their actions. They were very greedy people and only cared about their possessions. This goes with the belief of the American Dream and that you can achieve anything if you put your mind to it. An example of this is how Tom cheats on Daisy with Myrtle Wilson. He does this because he only sees Daisy one of his belongings. I first met Tom Buchanan’s mistress. The fact that he had one was insisted upon wherever he was known. His acquaintances resented the fact that he turned up in popular restaurants with her and, leaving her at a table, sauntered about, chatt ing with whomsoever he knew (Fitzgerald, 27). Despite Tom and Myrtle being a part of two different social classes he continues to see her behind Daisys back. He does not care about his choices at the moment but they will eventually come back to bite him in the butt. Every weekend Gatsby throws outrageous parties to impress Daisy

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 20

Reflection Paper - Essay Example The consistency of their movements made it seem like one long snake twisting and twirling and doing all sorts of dance acts. Then suddenly the snake would burst open into many distinct snakes depending upon the number of dancers inside the aluminum tubes. It was the best combination of flashlights, intricate dance steps, and aluminum casings that made the experience of watching the show memorable. The dancers used aluminum casing in such ways to look like aliens or unknown creatures. Traditionally, a dance show is just about dancing skills of the performers. The audience tries to rate the show according to the extent of perfection in dancing skills of the performers. But this show was even more than just that in that the audience was made to think as if they were watching aliens dance. I particularly liked it when the dancers organized and structured themselves so as to give rise to a gigantic aluminum robot on the stage. Watching such a magnanimous thing tread past them must have been a pleasingly horrifying experience for the audience that was sitting there. I also liked it a lot when I saw the aluminum pipes blowing horns and moving as if they were singing the song. I never saw aluminum pipes singing and dancing. It was very cartoonish and enjoyable. The role of camera effects and lighting in making the show special cannot be undermined. The abrupt and unexpected change of lights from red to blue and other colors kept the audience engaged and their excitement elevated throughout the show. The changing of lights and colors was synchronized to the dance steps as well as the beat. The dancers displayed perfect timing with beats and light effects to make the experience overwhelming. The dancers perfectly used background lighting and effects to seamlessly change the attires and go from one shape to another. The best thing about the show was that the dancers used aluminum as a medium to showcase their dancing skills. They

Marketing Of Services- Music Retailers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Of Services- Music Retailers - Essay Example The existence of certain sites that stream music for free has impacted greatly on the music industry in the UK. Deezer’s Europe vice-president Gerrit Schumann said: â€Å"A lot of people are not willing to pay for music, but they’re engaged with it, and that’s the first point. We see a lot of people coming to us who don’t buy CDs anymore,†. It is very easy to get a free trial of music and this has impacted on the music retail sector. The other element that is impacting the music industry in the UK is piracy. Through the use of computer-aided communication technology, the pirates can copy original music and make counterfeit copies that often find their way on the market through the back door. This practice has significantly impacted on copyright infringement of the musicians and it has become a challenging task for the artists, marketers, and distributors of music to operate viably in the face of such malpractices taking place in daylight. The other issue is that it is pretty difficult to curtail piracy and a lot of money in this industry are lost through such unorthodox channels. It can be seen that the music retailers are faced with different challenges in their operations through the industry still remains a source of revenue in the economy. The service challenges likely to be faced in this sector vary depending on each characteristic of the service going to be discussed in detail below. Strydom has observed that one of the characteristics of a service is that it is intangible.

The Operation System Process Control Management Information Technology Essay

The Operation System Process Control Management Information Technology Essay In this Project, the project is divided into two sections. The first section is Operation System where process control management is selected as the research area. The first section consists of the investigation of what type of scheduling mechanism used in Window Vista and how Window Vista handles the process and thread. The internal system structure is also discussed in the first section. Besides that, different process algorithm will be identify and determine which process algorithm is the best. Lastly problem faced by process control management in Window Vista is also discussed. In the second section which is Computer System Architecture, Microprocessor have been chose n as the research area. Major trends affecting the microprocessor performance and design are identified and differences between microprocessor design goal for laptop. Server, desktop and embedded system will be discussed. Section1: Operation System-Process Control Management Introduction According to techterms.com, Operation System can be described as the program which allocates memory, processes tasks or instruction and serves as the user interfaces. In this document, Window Vista has been selected as the Operation System of the research. Types of scheduling mechanisms employed, creation and handling of process or thread and internal system structure Type of scheduling mechanism used in Window Vista Window Vista is one of the NT-Based operating created by Microsoft. The type of scheduling which NT-based operating system use is the Multilevel Feedback Queue (MLFQ). Englander (2009) described MLFQ as an attempt to combine the several features of different algorithms such as First in First Out, Round robin and Priority algorithm. In Window vista, its uses the MLFQ with 32 priority level which were defined from 0 to 31.The priority 0 through 15 are categories as normal priority while priority 16 through 31 are categories as soft real time priorities which require privilege to assign a thread . Besides that, the priority level of a thread may be changed according to the input, output or the CPU usage. Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling main idea is to separate processes with different CPU-burst characteristic. In MLFQ, dispatcher will provide a number of queues with different priority. When a process is processed in queue 1 and requires a long time, it will be moved to queue 2 and waits for its turn to be processed again while all the process in queue 1 finish processed. This process will continue as much level as how many queues are provided by the dispatcher. In the last queue of MLFQ, it uses the Round Robin scheduling which will continue to provide time until the previous process is executed. However, when an input or output bound jobs occur, the kennels may change the priority level of the process and the process will be directed to the queue of the priority. There are also different factor which would affect MLFQ such as the number of queue, scheduling algorithm of each queue and method used to determine the priority level of the process. The diagram below show how a MLFQ function. CPU CPU P P P P CPU P P P P PNew Process Level 1 q=1 Level 2 q=2 Level N Q=2n (Figure Extracted from The Architecture of Computer Hardware and System Software, Drawn by Yap Kient Loong) Creation and handling of process or thread In the previous version of windows OS, the kernel scheduler had to make some unfair assumption regard tread execution time because the CPU cycle counters were not considered. For example, according to the diagram below, unfairness occur when two threads with same priority is ready to run at the same time. Thread a runs until the next time-slice internal expiration and the scheduler assume that it had run for the interval and its turn is finish .After that the thread B runs for a full interval. Threads A and B become ready to run Thread A Thread B Idle Interrupt Interval 1 Interval 2 (Figure Extracted from: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2007.02.vistakernel.aspx, Drawn by Yap Kient Loong) In Window Vista, in order to provide fairness, CPU cycle counting is introduced. The scheduler would use the cycle counter register to determine how may CPU cycles a thread proceeded and the scheduler would be able to figure out the turn on the CPU by estimating the number of cycle the CPU capable to execute in a clock interval. The scheduler would not keep track of the interrupt during thread a turns which mean a thread will always obtain a turn on the CPU which would provide greater fairness. The diagram below show that at least one time slices is given to both threads. Threads A and B become ready to run Thread A Thread B Idle Interrupt Interval 1 Interval 2 Interval 3 (Figure Extracted from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2007.02.vistakernel.aspx, Drawn by Yap Kient Loong) Internal System Structure In the internal system structure of Vista, Window Vista uses MLFQ to process and execute the new process. In MLFQ, when a new process is entered into the dispatcher, the process is being processed in queue1 with the highest priority and if the quantum of the process is finished before it is executed, the process will be moved to the queue2 with lower priority and it will waits for its next turn after the processes in queue1 finish processed. This situation will keep on continue depending on the level of queue provided by the dispatcher and in the last queue, round robin algorithm is used to provide time until the process is complete. Besides that, the priority of the thread may be changed by the input/output and the CPU usage and the thread will be directed to the queue of the new priority. In window vista, when a thread is interrupted, cycle counter register will be used to determine that how much cycle a thread had processed after estimate number of cycle CPU executed in a clock in terval and the scheduler would not keep track of the interrupt and the thread will be able to obtain a turn on the CPU. Other Process Algorithm and determine which is the best Non-preemptive According to stargazer.bridport.edu (2011), non-preemptive algorithms are designed that once the process is allowed to process, it will not be removed from the processor until it has completed. First-in, first-out(FIFO) FIFO algorithm will assign the priority to processes in the order which they request the processor. The first process who requests the processor would be given the highest priority .However, FIFO scheduling is unfair because the short process would have to wait for the long process to be completed before it could be processed. Shortest job first(SJF) In SJF, the process is given priority according to the length of the next CPU burst of a process which means the lower burst time the higher priority of the process. The biggest advantages of this algorithm are that it is optimal and provide the minimum average time. Preemptive According to stargazer.bridport.edu (2011), preemptive algorithms are designed that the process with the highest priority should be using a processor. If a higher priority enters the queue, the process within the processor would be removed and return to the queue until it was the highest priority. Round Robin(RR) According to Englander (2009),Round robin is the simplest preemptive algorithm. RR provides each process a quantum of time, when the quantum of time of the process finish it will be return to the back of the queue and waits its turn. This process will continue until each process is completely processed. The diagram below had shown that SJF would have the shortest average turnaround time which means that Shortest Job First would be the best among the algorithm with the same burst time while First-In First Out would be the worst algorithm because it has the longest average turnaround time which is 13.4 Milliseconds. Type of algorithm FIFO SJF RR Waiting Time 48 Milliseconds 16 Milliseconds 29 Milliseconds Average Waiting Time 9.6 Milliseconds 3.2 Milliseconds 5.8 Milliseconds Turnaround Time 67 Milliseconds 35 Milliseconds 48 Milliseconds Average Turnaround Time 13.4 Milliseconds 7 Milliseconds 9.6 Milliseconds (Figure Source: Shanmugam, K. (2011). CPU Scheduling, Drawn by Yap Kient Loong) Problem faced using these techniques of process control management and solution used to overcome them Problem: Starvation In Window Vista, there are possible for starvation of MLFQ if new process continue to enter the queue. Starvation is a situation where a process is not given the CPU time for it to be executed. For example in MLFQ, when a process enter queue1, it was allowed to execute for 1 time unit and it was preempted to queue2.In queue2,the process is allowed to execute for 2 time unit and this situation keep on repeating until the process is fully executed. This has shown that when a process is preempted to the next queue, the process will receive more time unit and a longer process may still suffer from starvation. In order to solve this problem, the process should be promoted to a higher priority queue after the process has waited a long time to be executed. Conclusion (Operating System) In Conclusion, although there are different kind of algorithm, window Vista have selected Multilevel Feedback Queue to handle the process and thread because MLFQ have combined several features from FIFO, Round Robin and Priority algorithm. Besides that.in order to provide fairness, Vista had introduced CPU cycle counting had been introduced to ensure fairness of the process. Frequently Ask Question (FAQ) What is Starvation? Starvation is a situation where process is not given the CPU time for it to be executed. What is FIFO? First In, First Out is an algorithm which assign the priority to processes in the order which they request the processor. What is SJF? Shortest Job first is an algorithm where the process is given priority according to the length of the next CPU burst of a process. Limitation (Operation System) The FIFO process algorithm may cause delay or loss for real-time application because it treats all short or long process equally according to the order when they request the processor no matter of its priority. The round robin process algorithm assumes all process equally important. However for example, when three process starts at the same time and each process require 2 time slice. By comparing the result with FIFO, RR may require more time. Although RR is fair but it is inefficient. MFLQ process algorithm may provide fairness to the process by using CPU cycle counting .However longer process would still need to overcome problem such as Starvation. Section 2: Computer System Architecture Introduction According to webopedia.com, microprocessor is defined as a silicon chip which contains a central processing unit (CPU).Nowadays, microprocessor is widely used in our daily electronic devices because microprocessor is responsible for performing the instruction and function of a computer and manipulates the data from software and transfer information between hardware component such as keyboard and memory. The table below will show some of the trends which affect the performance and design of the microprocessor. Name Date Transistors Microns Clock Speed Data width MIPS 8080 1974 6,000 6 2 MHz 8 bits 0.64 8088 1979 29,000 3 5 MHz 16 bits 8-bit bus 0.33 80826 1982 134,000 1.5 6 MHz 16 bits 1 80386 1985 275,000 1.5 16 MHz 32 bits 5 80486 1989 1200,000 1 25 MHz 32 bits 20 Pentium 1993 3,100,000 0.8 60 MHz 32 bits 64-bitbus 100 Pentium II 1997 7,500,000 0.35 233 MHz 32 bits 64-bitbus ~300 Pentium III 1999 9,500,000 0.25 450 MHz 32 bits 64-bitbus ~510 Pentium 4 2000 42,000,000 0.18 1.5 GHz 32 bits 64-bitbus ~1,700 Pentium 4 Prescott 2004 125,000,000 0.09 3.6 GHz 32 bits 64-bitbus ~7,000 (Figure Source available from: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/microprocessor1.htm, drawn by Yap Kient Loong) Major trends affecting microprocessors performance and design Pipelining According to techterm.com, pipelining can enable multiple instructions to be able to process at the same time. For example, in the past processor without pipelining is not capable to process two instructions at the same time. Pipelining enable the microprocessor to be able to fetch the second instruction while the microprocessor is decoding the first instruction. Pipelining also help to reduce the cycle time of the microprocessor which enhance the ability of the microprocessor to be able to fetch, decode and execute the instruction faster and more efficient. Clock Rate Another trend that was affecting the microprocessor is the Clock speed or clock rate. According to techterm.com, clock rate can be defined as the rate at which a processor can complete a processing cycle. This prove that microprocessor with a higher clock rate will be able to process an information faster. However, different element such as architectures of the processor, cache size and the speed of ram would also affect the clock rate of the processor. Transistors The number of transistor is also one of the important trends that affect the processor because transistor plays a huge role in transmitting the instruction. By increasing the number of transistor, the microprocessor would be able to perform better performance because the clock speed is increased. However, by increasing the number of transistor, more heat will be generated. Size Size of the processor has always been one of the trends that affect the design of the microprocessor. By reducing the size of the size of the microprocessor, it will allow the devices to be able to execute the instruction at higher clock rate. This is because by reducing the size, the circuit pathways are also reduced. Therefore, the processor would require less time to process the information and help to improve the process speed of the processor. However, maintaining the devices temperature would be difficult because the smaller the device, the hotter the temperature Multicore Multicore technologies have been one of the major trends which affect the design nowadays because the performance of the processor is greatly. According to Webpodia.com, Multicore is described as a type of architecture where a single physical processor contain more than or two core logic of processor. By using the multicore technology, the microprocessor would enable better multitasking and be able to process the information faster. This is because while the first instruction is being process, the second instruction will be processed by the other core which will help to increase the efficiently of the system. Differences between microprocessors design goal for laptops, servers, desktop and embedded system Microprocessor had been used widely in technology nowadays and has become one of technology which we would require. This is because microprocessor is required to execute and process the instruction from the user. However, microprocessor is also divided into few categories such as laptops microprocessor and server microprocessor to obtain the optimise performance. The table below will show the difference between the different kinds of microprocessor. Type of Microprocessor Desktop Laptop Server Embedded High Power Consumption Yes No No No Heat generated High Low Low Low Stability High High Highest High (Figure Differences between different Microprocessor, drawn by Yap Kient Loong) Desktop Microprocessor The main design goal of desktop microprocessor is to provide the maximum performance of the system to the user and keeping the power consumption in a reasonable limit. This microprocessor is also design to be able to handle high performances or complex application or program such as high graphical games and multimedia. Besides that, desktop microprocessors also enable better multi-tasking due to higher clock speed to increase the efficiency. Laptop Microprocessor The main design goal of laptop microprocessor is to enable the laptop consume less power and be able to run cooler compared to different type of microprocessor and enhance portability. This is because a laptop is not capable to fit large heat sinks just like a desktop and may cause uneasiness to the user due to the heat generated. Therefore the microprocessor should be able generate less heat which replaced the problem of large cooling system and enable the laptop to have a longer battery life. Server Microprocessor Server microprocessor main design goal is to be able to maximize the robustness of the server and availability and stability of the server. Besides that, a server microprocessor should also have low power consumption, less heat generated and capable to allocate the resources of processor for system cache. The main priority of the microprocessor is to be able to process and execute instruction fast in order to respond to the customers request quickly. Therefore the reliability and availability has become one of the most important factors to the design of the microprocessor nowadays. Embedded System Microprocessor Embedded System microprocessors are microprocessors which are embedded in automobile, industrial control system or medical field devices. Each of the devices would have its own function and require a microprocessor to process instruction. Due to the constraints on the size, power consumption and area usage of the microprocessor, the design of the microprocessor had been difficult to the designer. Therefore an embedded system microprocessors design goal should be able to consume less power and generate less heat in order to have the maximise performance of the devices. Conclusion In conclusion, there are a lot of trends which would affect the performance of the microprocessor. In order to fulfil the requirement of the user ,the design of the microprocessor have been modified through time in order to provide the best performance to the user such as the increase of transistor ,reduce the size of the microprocessor and new technology such as Multi-core technology. Each To fulfil the requirement of the user, microprocessor have been divided into different kind of microprocessor and each kind of microprocessor is designed with different goal and motive. Frequently Ask Question (FAQ) What is Microprocessor? Microprocessor is a silicon chip which contains a central processing unit which performs instruction and function of a computer. How Pipelining affect the microprocessor? Pipelining can enable multiple instructions to be able to process at the same time by the processor which can enhance the clock rate and performance. What is embedded system microprocessor? Embedded System microprocessors are microprocessors which are embedded in automobile, industrial control system or medical field devices which help to process instruction from the devices. Limitation (Computer System Architecture) The Microprocessor might get overheat after a long period of usage due to the static which pass through the transistor within the microprocessor. The speed of microprocessor is limited due to the transmission delay and heat build-up on the chip. Microprocessor is limited to do a one thing at a time with only a small amount of data. Although several microprocessors can be operated simultaneously, each processor is only capable to handle a small amount of data at one time. (3010 word)

Describe the Effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany

Describe the effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany (9 marks) The Treaty of Versailles was the Peace Settlement between the Allies and Germany at the end of the First World War. The German authorities had little choice but to accept the treaty. The treaty rules were harsh and affected Germany negatively. One of the main effects the treaty had on Germany was the fact they had to admit and put their hands up to being responsible for causing the war. The effect that this had was that everyone was going to hate Germany but also the country itself would be angry which could lead them into starting another war.Due to the fact they had to claim responsibility, it also meant they had to pay compensation to the allies. These payments, called reparations, would be paid monthly and would total some ? 6,600 million. Again, this made the country angry risking the start of another war, but also it meant that it would affect Germany finically causing them to be in major debt and cause pover ty. In addition, Germany faced a large amount of territorial loss as a result of the treaty. In fact, Germany lost 13% of its land which contained 6 million Germans.The land Germany had owned was given to countries such as Poland, Denmark, Belgium and Lithuania. Consequently, Germanys population went into poverty and many of them lost their homes creating an overall negative effect. Moreover, the treaty stated that Germany had to disband their air force, limit the army to 100,000 soldiers and cut the navy to 15,000 sailors. Due to the limitation and cuts, many people lost their jobs causing them to go into poverty. The army had gone from employing 3 million people to now 100,000 people resulting in 2. million people becoming unemployed. As there weren’t as many soldiers, this meant Germany was vulnerable and became an easy target. Germany was open for an attack, but it meant Germany would be unable to attack other countries. Overall, the effect of the treaty of Versailles on Germany had an negative impact. Germany were spiralling downwards as they were in a large amount of debt, unprotected, vulnerable, angry and the population were in poverty. There is a clear risk of a war being created due to the harness of the treaty.

East Orchids

THE CASE STUDY OF EAST ORCHIDS AREAS OF CONSIDERATION: The East Orchids is an orchid farm in the campus grounds of the University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City. It was formally opened on May 31, 1989, by Mr. and Mrs. Max Prieto. East Orchids sold both cut flowers and plants. As a typical with orhidariums, the farm has a 3,000 sq. m. Canopy enclosure of green netting that covering a huge inventory of orchids. HISTORY The Prieto’s family was one of the prominent families in Davao, where Mr. Prieto was a former mayor. It was during the term of Mr. Prieto that his wife Princess became interested in orchids. The decision to breed orchids was very arbitrary and definitely not for the purpose of putting up a business. The East Orchids was started as a hobby of Mrs. Prieto before it was organized as a business. She got curious when her friends were into orchids. She bought a couple and decided to try to take care of them just for fun until she became obsessed with them. She treated the orchids like her babies that she felt that she just had to take care of them. Mrs. Prieto’s orchid collection grew. Soon, the orchids filled the entire garden and were running over into their driveway and some of them had to place outside the house. Soon, neigbors and nearby flower shops were offering to buy cut flowers from her. At first, she simply gave the flowers but as the offer increased she began selling these. It was when the orchids alarmed to take over every living space in the home of family Prietos that Mrs. Prieto decided to sell the whole plants. Because of enormous money was coming into their way, they started to think about orchids as a business. In 1989, when the Prieto’s family moved to Manila due to Mr. Prieto’s commitment, they also made up their minds to lease 5,000 sq. m. of land from University of the Philippines at the lease price of P12,000. 00 a year. They invested to clear up the land which was originally the garbage dump and for the net enclosure and putting other facilities to start their business. OBJECTIVE The Prieto’s family is planning for the expansion of their orchid farm in either Davao or Los Banos and Antipolo. The goal of this case is to determine if the East Orchids has the capabilities to exploit such opportunities. S. W. O. T. ANALYSIS The strengths the EAST ORCHIDS †¢The price is a bit lower than other competitors which will attract more customers to buy on them. †¢The overhead expenses are much lower †¢The location is very accessible The weaknesses of the EAST ORCHIDS †¢No internal control in the business and the owner has no management background †¢The owner is lenient in financial aspects of the business †¢No business plan was made before starting the Orchids farm, just started out as the hobby. †¢The workers are not well-trained The opportunities of the EAST ORCHIDS The East Orchids has the greater chance to expand if just to have proper management and new technologies and skills to improve the cultivation of orchids at minimal cost †¢It can compete to others because of low prices †¢The orchids are saleable even the onset of the rainy season doesn’t seem to threaten a reductions in sales The threats of the EAST ORCHIDS †¢The workers might hike because they are not-well compensated †¢There are no new technologies in improving the orchids growing †¢ The approaching termination of the lease contract to University of the Philippines. COURSE OF ALTERNATIVE TO DETERMINE THE OBJECTIVES ALTERNATIVESADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES 1. )Training program and study for the expansion of orchid farmsThe owner should broaden her knowledge in cultivating the orchids though she already had personal experience in raising the orchids. The owner should attend proper training in order to cut costs and know some new technologies to improve her orchid’s farm. And also she should study on how to run a business and have basic accounting knowledge. She should know the operations of her business and focus on the financial aspects. If she will attend the training and seminars regarding orchids business it will be expensive and time consuming on her part. 2. )Hire an expert or managerIn expanding the East Orchids, it should have a manager, who is knowledgeable about orchids business and have a management background, to help the owner in managing the business because it is already a big business to handle by an owner who has no formal training on orchid growing and business management. Additional employee which may ask for a high salary and the owner has no control to run the business all by herself because has to consider the opinion of the manager first. . )Evaluating the operations of the business and make a business plan for expansionTo determine business plan will make a business success. The owner should evaluate first the business operation if it is doing well and know what should have to do to meet the goal. In determining the financial aspects of the business the owner will see the capabilities of the co mpany to expand or not. It will hold back the expansion due to procedure in evaluating and making a business plan and also it will be expensive RECOMMENDATIONS Alternative no. , there should be proper evaluation of the financial statements of the East Orchids to determine the cash position and the results of the operations. And SWOT analysis should be taken into consideration so that Mrs. Prieto should understand her business she would know what these are and how to improve such weaknesses and how to combat the threats on her business. CONCLUSIONS Some additional questions that must be taken into consideration that might help in expanding their business are: 1. Is East Orchids really a profitable enterprise? If it is so, do the margins justify the company’s existence? If not, what justifies the company’s existence? Based on Figure 1 below shows that the company has very minimal margins and that margins do not justify the company’s existence if it will continue to be like that. The East Orchids should so something about their business operation and what strategies to be apply for them to boost their revenues. EAST ORCHIDS UP Compound, Diliman, Quezon City Sales:(average sales for 3 months 200,000 x 4 quarters)P 800,000. 00 less: Cost ( 30% of sales) 240,000. 00 Gross Sales 560,000. 00 less: Operating expenses Salaries (10 boys @ P1,200. 00x 12 months)P 144,000. 0 Ferilizer ( P 5,000 x 12 months) 60,000. 00 Water bill ( P 6,000 x 12 months) 72,000. 00 Electric bill (P15,000 x 12 months) 180,000. 00 456,000. 00 Estimated Net incomeP 104,000. 00 2. How is Mrs. Prieto, who is not a trained orchid or businesswoman, able to compete with established orchid growers? Mrs. Prieto has interest, skills and talents in growing business and she is a ble compete in the sense that she has this marketing strategy of lower prices which attracts the customers to buy orchids to East Orchids. 3. Should the Prietos push through with their plans to expand their business? Would such expansion compatible with the Mrs. Prieto’s current method of managing the business? I think the Prietos should hold back first their plans to expand their business until they see the problem with their business. Mrs Prieto’s current method of managing the business is not compatible if they will expand because it will require proper accounting system and competent manager who knows the orchid farms operation. 4. Is she a true entrepreneur? Mrs. Prieto is not a true entrepreneur although she has interest and skills in growing orchids but her attitude does not illustrate being a true entrepreneur. East Orchids THE CASE STUDY OF EAST ORCHIDS AREAS OF CONSIDERATION: The East Orchids is an orchid farm in the campus grounds of the University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City. It was formally opened on May 31, 1989, by Mr. and Mrs. Max Prieto. East Orchids sold both cut flowers and plants. As a typical with orhidariums, the farm has a 3,000 sq. m. Canopy enclosure of green netting that covering a huge inventory of orchids. HISTORY The Prieto’s family was one of the prominent families in Davao, where Mr. Prieto was a former mayor. It was during the term of Mr. Prieto that his wife Princess became interested in orchids. The decision to breed orchids was very arbitrary and definitely not for the purpose of putting up a business. The East Orchids was started as a hobby of Mrs. Prieto before it was organized as a business. She got curious when her friends were into orchids. She bought a couple and decided to try to take care of them just for fun until she became obsessed with them. She treated the orchids like her babies that she felt that she just had to take care of them. Mrs. Prieto’s orchid collection grew. Soon, the orchids filled the entire garden and were running over into their driveway and some of them had to place outside the house. Soon, neigbors and nearby flower shops were offering to buy cut flowers from her. At first, she simply gave the flowers but as the offer increased she began selling these. It was when the orchids alarmed to take over every living space in the home of family Prietos that Mrs. Prieto decided to sell the whole plants. Because of enormous money was coming into their way, they started to think about orchids as a business. In 1989, when the Prieto’s family moved to Manila due to Mr. Prieto’s commitment, they also made up their minds to lease 5,000 sq. m. of land from University of the Philippines at the lease price of P12,000. 00 a year. They invested to clear up the land which was originally the garbage dump and for the net enclosure and putting other facilities to start their business. OBJECTIVE The Prieto’s family is planning for the expansion of their orchid farm in either Davao or Los Banos and Antipolo. The goal of this case is to determine if the East Orchids has the capabilities to exploit such opportunities. S. W. O. T. ANALYSIS The strengths the EAST ORCHIDS †¢The price is a bit lower than other competitors which will attract more customers to buy on them. †¢The overhead expenses are much lower †¢The location is very accessible The weaknesses of the EAST ORCHIDS †¢No internal control in the business and the owner has no management background †¢The owner is lenient in financial aspects of the business †¢No business plan was made before starting the Orchids farm, just started out as the hobby. †¢The workers are not well-trained The opportunities of the EAST ORCHIDS The East Orchids has the greater chance to expand if just to have proper management and new technologies and skills to improve the cultivation of orchids at minimal cost †¢It can compete to others because of low prices †¢The orchids are saleable even the onset of the rainy season doesn’t seem to threaten a reductions in sales The threats of the EAST ORCHIDS †¢The workers might hike because they are not-well compensated †¢There are no new technologies in improving the orchids growing †¢ The approaching termination of the lease contract to University of the Philippines. COURSE OF ALTERNATIVE TO DETERMINE THE OBJECTIVES ALTERNATIVESADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES 1. )Training program and study for the expansion of orchid farmsThe owner should broaden her knowledge in cultivating the orchids though she already had personal experience in raising the orchids. The owner should attend proper training in order to cut costs and know some new technologies to improve her orchid’s farm. And also she should study on how to run a business and have basic accounting knowledge. She should know the operations of her business and focus on the financial aspects. If she will attend the training and seminars regarding orchids business it will be expensive and time consuming on her part. 2. )Hire an expert or managerIn expanding the East Orchids, it should have a manager, who is knowledgeable about orchids business and have a management background, to help the owner in managing the business because it is already a big business to handle by an owner who has no formal training on orchid growing and business management. Additional employee which may ask for a high salary and the owner has no control to run the business all by herself because has to consider the opinion of the manager first. . )Evaluating the operations of the business and make a business plan for expansionTo determine business plan will make a business success. The owner should evaluate first the business operation if it is doing well and know what should have to do to meet the goal. In determining the financial aspects of the business the owner will see the capabilities of the co mpany to expand or not. It will hold back the expansion due to procedure in evaluating and making a business plan and also it will be expensive RECOMMENDATIONS Alternative no. , there should be proper evaluation of the financial statements of the East Orchids to determine the cash position and the results of the operations. And SWOT analysis should be taken into consideration so that Mrs. Prieto should understand her business she would know what these are and how to improve such weaknesses and how to combat the threats on her business. CONCLUSIONS Some additional questions that must be taken into consideration that might help in expanding their business are: 1. Is East Orchids really a profitable enterprise? If it is so, do the margins justify the company’s existence? If not, what justifies the company’s existence? Based on Figure 1 below shows that the company has very minimal margins and that margins do not justify the company’s existence if it will continue to be like that. The East Orchids should so something about their business operation and what strategies to be apply for them to boost their revenues. EAST ORCHIDS UP Compound, Diliman, Quezon City Sales:(average sales for 3 months 200,000 x 4 quarters)P 800,000. 00 less: Cost ( 30% of sales) 240,000. 00 Gross Sales 560,000. 00 less: Operating expenses Salaries (10 boys @ P1,200. 00x 12 months)P 144,000. 0 Ferilizer ( P 5,000 x 12 months) 60,000. 00 Water bill ( P 6,000 x 12 months) 72,000. 00 Electric bill (P15,000 x 12 months) 180,000. 00 456,000. 00 Estimated Net incomeP 104,000. 00 2. How is Mrs. Prieto, who is not a trained orchid or businesswoman, able to compete with established orchid growers? Mrs. Prieto has interest, skills and talents in growing business and she is a ble compete in the sense that she has this marketing strategy of lower prices which attracts the customers to buy orchids to East Orchids. 3. Should the Prietos push through with their plans to expand their business? Would such expansion compatible with the Mrs. Prieto’s current method of managing the business? I think the Prietos should hold back first their plans to expand their business until they see the problem with their business. Mrs Prieto’s current method of managing the business is not compatible if they will expand because it will require proper accounting system and competent manager who knows the orchid farms operation. 4. Is she a true entrepreneur? Mrs. Prieto is not a true entrepreneur although she has interest and skills in growing orchids but her attitude does not illustrate being a true entrepreneur.

The Traditional Architectural Style in the Early 19th...

In this essay I am aim to explore Pugin’s dissent from tradition through his ideas, inspiration, and his most important works and their meaning. To dissent from tradition is to defy a stultifying tradition or convention, which leads to new, daring styles (Richardson, McKellar, Woods, 2008, p.109). The ‘traditional’ architectural style in the early 19th Century, in Great Britain was classicism, inspired by ancient Greece and associated with democracy as well as with the French revolution (Richardson, McKellar, Woods, 2008, p. 112). Pugin, called this classical style ‘the new square style’ (Figure 4.7, in Richardson, McKellar, Woods, 2008, p.123) and argued that it lacked authenticity of Great Britain (Richardson, McKellar, Woods, 2008, p.†¦show more content†¦Pugin found his inspiration while travelling to other European countries, particularly in Germany, where the Roman Catholic Church was predominant. (LÃ… ±beck, St Chad’s and Religi ous Art, 2009). ‘Building without teaching and explaining is almost useless’, Pugin stated, to stress out the importance of writing about architecture. In his written works, he strongly attacked the era or Reformation and Protestantism saying that ‘men must learn that the period hitherto called dark and ignorant far excelled our age and wisdom †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Pugin, 2003(1842) pp16-17, in Richardson, McKellar, Woods, 2008, p.120) and looked down on the neo-classicism of his time (Figure 4.7, Richardson, McKellar, Woods, 2008, p.123). In his book ‘Contrasts’; he called the current classic style a ‘decay of taste’. In the book, he used plates which contrasted the Middle Ages, 14th and 15th Century, with 19th Century. In one example, he presented the Middle Age chapel in all its glory and with a focus on the beautiful altar, while the 19th Century chapel looks more like a theatre and as though it lacks the spiritual feel (Plate 2.4.7, Illustration book, p. 64). The former one highly resembles the St. Chad’s cathedral that Pugin designed later on in life (Introduction, St Chad’s and Religious Art, 2009). The two styles of chapels also meant different functioning – while the central plan of the Protestant Church put the preacher in the middle and surrounded withShow MoreRelatedVernacular Architecture Identity Essay3577 Words   |  15 Pagesidea of the vernacular - architecture as identity The search for a cogent Australian architectural idiom. The idea of the vernacular is strong in Australian architecture and is often defined in terms of the city and the bush . Central Questions: What is vernacular Architecture? Has there ever been and Australian architecture? Part 1. 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